Location Wise Raw Material Deposits

India is rich in raw materials used in cement production, with various deposits spread across the country. Here’s a detailed list of cement-related raw materials and their primary locations or regions in India

1. Limestone

Limestone is the primary raw material for cement production, accounting for around 60-65% of the raw mix.
Key Deposits in India:

Andhra Pradesh: Kadapa, Kurnool, Anantapur
Rajasthan: Jaisalmer, Nagaur, Kota, Bundi
Madhya Pradesh: Satna, Katni, Narsinghpur
Chhattisgarh: Raipur, Bilaspur, Durg
Gujarat: Porbandar, Kutch
Tamil Nadu: Ariyalur, Tirunelveli, Trichy
Karnataka: Gulbarga, Bagalkot, Belgaum
Maharashtra: Chandrapur, Yavatmal

2. Clay/Shale

Clay or shale is a secondary raw material providing silica, alumina, and iron oxide.
Key Locations in India:

Rajasthan: Around Kota and Bundi
Tamil Nadu: Tiruchirapalli, Cuddalore
Andhra Pradesh: Nellore, Kadapa
West Bengal: Purulia
Jharkhand: Dhanbad, Hazaribagh

3. Gypsum

Gypsum is used as a retarder to control cement setting time.
Key Deposits in India:

Rajasthan: Bikaner, Nagaur, Barmer, Jodhpur
Gujarat: Kutch, Jamnagar
Tamil Nadu: Tuticorin (Marine gypsum)
Andhra Pradesh: Nellore

4. Iron Ore

Iron ore provides iron oxide, a key component in cement manufacturing.
Key Locations in India:

Odisha: Keonjhar, Sundergarh
Jharkhand: Singhbhum, Dhanbad
Chhattisgarh: Bastar, Durg
Karnataka: Bellary, Chitradurga

5. Bauxite

Bauxite is occasionally used to adjust alumina content.
Key Locations in India:

Odisha: Kalahandi, Koraput
Jharkhand: Lohardaga, Gumla
Chhattisgarh: Surguja
Maharashtra: Kolhapur

6. Silica Sand

Used for silica content in the raw mix.
Key Locations in India:

Rajasthan: Jaipur, Bharatpur
Uttar Pradesh: Allahabad
Andhra Pradesh: Nellore
Tamil Nadu: Cuddalore

7. Fly Ash

A by-product from coal-fired power plants, used as a supplementary material.
Key Producing Regions in India:

Chhattisgarh: Korba
Odisha: Angul, Talcher
Uttar Pradesh: Singrauli
West Bengal: Durgapur

8. Slag

A by-product of the steel industry used in blended cements.
Key Producing Regions in India:

Odisha: Rourkela
Chhattisgarh: Bhilai
Jharkhand: Bokaro
Karnataka: Ballari

9. Laterite

Used for adjusting alumina and silica content.
Key Locations in India:

Kerala: Kannur, Kasaragod
Maharashtra: Ratnagiri, Sindhudurg
Odisha: Sundergarh
Karnataka: Shimoga

10. Pozzolanic Materials

Includes materials like volcanic ash, pumice, and natural pozzolans.

Found sporadically in regions of Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.
Fly ash and slag are more commonly used as substitutes.

11. Dolomite

Dolomite can be used as a raw material or additive.
Key Locations in India:

Madhya Pradesh: Mandla, Jabalpur
Chhattisgarh: Bilaspur
Odisha: Sundergarh

12. Alkaline Materials (e.g., Alkali Silicates)

Often obtained from industrial by-products or imports.

13. Magnesite

Used in specialized cements like refractory cements.
Key Locations in India:

Tamil Nadu: Salem
Uttarakhand: Almora

14. Phosphogypsum

A by-product of phosphate fertilizer production used as an alternative to natural gypsum.
Key Producing States in India:

Odisha
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu

15. Aggregates for Concrete

Though not part of the cement manufacturing process, aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed stone) are essential in concrete production.
Key Locations in India:

Rajasthan: Kota stone chips
Andhra Pradesh: Granite quarries
Maharashtra: Basalt quarries